https://w3id.org/np/RAGc2SwaCL37MTvCe5ESY_qKuHV8tXduzqtd-48pNGi0A#Head https://w3id.org/np/RAGc2SwaCL37MTvCe5ESY_qKuHV8tXduzqtd-48pNGi0A http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RAGc2SwaCL37MTvCe5ESY_qKuHV8tXduzqtd-48pNGi0A#assertion https://w3id.org/np/RAGc2SwaCL37MTvCe5ESY_qKuHV8tXduzqtd-48pNGi0A http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RAGc2SwaCL37MTvCe5ESY_qKuHV8tXduzqtd-48pNGi0A#provenance https://w3id.org/np/RAGc2SwaCL37MTvCe5ESY_qKuHV8tXduzqtd-48pNGi0A http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RAGc2SwaCL37MTvCe5ESY_qKuHV8tXduzqtd-48pNGi0A#pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RAGc2SwaCL37MTvCe5ESY_qKuHV8tXduzqtd-48pNGi0A http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RAGc2SwaCL37MTvCe5ESY_qKuHV8tXduzqtd-48pNGi0A#assertion https://doi.esrf.fr/10.15151/ESRF-DC-186933507 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description Ultramarine blue pigment from lapis lazuli is one of the most valued natural artist’s pigments used throughout history for its brilliant hue. Historical recipes describe various pigment preparation methods, however, little is understood about why such treatments were performed or how to distinguish them a posteriori on historical paintings. One such historically relevant treatment is heating of the lapis lazuli rock prior to extracting lazurite. X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy (XANES) at the sulfur K-edge in microbeam and full-field modes (analyzed with non-negative matrix factorization, NMF) is employed to monitor the changes in the sulfur species within lazurite following treatments. Sulfur signatures in lazurite show dependence on the heat-treatment of lapis lazuli rock from which it is derived. In particular, peaks at 2469.0 and 2471.2 eV, attributed to contributions from the trisulfur radical (S3•⁃), which is responsible for the blue color of lazurite, increase in relative intensity with heat of treatment ≥ 600 °C, paralleled by an intensified blue hue. The peak at 2472.5 eV (presumed as S8), on the other hand, decreases in relative intensity. The sulfur signature following heat-treatment is not only unique but also retained following accelerated aging of each pigment mixed as a paint with linseed oil. Further, XANES spectra using an attenuated focused microbeam were gathered on lazurite particles from five historical paint samples. In each, profiles matching that of pigment derived from heat-treated rock were identified, providing a marker for artists’ pigments that had been extracted from heat-treated lapis lazuli. https://doi.esrf.fr/10.15151/ESRF-DC-186933507 http://purl.org/dc/terms/publisher https://ror.org/02550n020 https://doi.esrf.fr/10.15151/ESRF-DC-186933507 http://purl.org/dc/terms/title Sulfur K-edge Micro- and Full-field XANES Identifies Marker for Preparation Method of Ultramarine Pigment from Lapis Lazuli in Historical Paints https://doi.esrf.fr/10.15151/ESRF-DC-186933507 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Dataset https://w3id.org/np/RAGc2SwaCL37MTvCe5ESY_qKuHV8tXduzqtd-48pNGi0A#provenance https://w3id.org/np/RAGc2SwaCL37MTvCe5ESY_qKuHV8tXduzqtd-48pNGi0A#assertion http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4930-2662 https://w3id.org/np/RAGc2SwaCL37MTvCe5ESY_qKuHV8tXduzqtd-48pNGi0A#pubinfo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4930-2662 http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name Alessa An Gambardella https://w3id.org/np/RAGc2SwaCL37MTvCe5ESY_qKuHV8tXduzqtd-48pNGi0A#sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasAlgorithm RSA https://w3id.org/np/RAGc2SwaCL37MTvCe5ESY_qKuHV8tXduzqtd-48pNGi0A#sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasPublicKey MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQCEJGVv2xFV8o+Ojt3f0N2LgtZTt4+24Lxp8esEZiFYKryDGBYaR0Ef4ajadqtlSpvUHlwNlVIF7XRWiGd64P8drVnqPtpRtxJ+SOl0UNvxuHzUjeWlOYKpKZ/UgrGwVSSR3LvwqXOM9qUkWqy0IQ2KsFbJHHwzgNbcEZuZOD+/WQIDAQAB https://w3id.org/np/RAGc2SwaCL37MTvCe5ESY_qKuHV8tXduzqtd-48pNGi0A#sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignature GG9sxcn2pUruDaqviw42b4rSyfAsMWVs1HzSbeNBDDzMpOtNGdSapG6kmUTH7EmGVAc3e0u2wprzraDEjuXIy4IXRGMTHRfLKCJcK6OsvLNl+Ndcoom3FMWnRgIsHvL70FAjipzRN7lCo4tFpgk5K/ZhAvxEeKDAeUn/CFrvE54= https://w3id.org/np/RAGc2SwaCL37MTvCe5ESY_qKuHV8tXduzqtd-48pNGi0A#sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignatureTarget https://w3id.org/np/RAGc2SwaCL37MTvCe5ESY_qKuHV8tXduzqtd-48pNGi0A https://w3id.org/np/RAGc2SwaCL37MTvCe5ESY_qKuHV8tXduzqtd-48pNGi0A#sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/signedBy https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4930-2662 https://w3id.org/np/RAGc2SwaCL37MTvCe5ESY_qKuHV8tXduzqtd-48pNGi0A http://purl.org/dc/terms/created 2024-04-11T15:18:02.306Z https://w3id.org/np/RAGc2SwaCL37MTvCe5ESY_qKuHV8tXduzqtd-48pNGi0A http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4930-2662 https://w3id.org/np/RAGc2SwaCL37MTvCe5ESY_qKuHV8tXduzqtd-48pNGi0A http://purl.org/dc/terms/license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://w3id.org/np/RAGc2SwaCL37MTvCe5ESY_qKuHV8tXduzqtd-48pNGi0A http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasNanopubType http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Dataset https://w3id.org/np/RAGc2SwaCL37MTvCe5ESY_qKuHV8tXduzqtd-48pNGi0A http://purl.org/nanopub/x/wasCreatedAt https://nanodash.knowledgepixels.com/ https://w3id.org/np/RAGc2SwaCL37MTvCe5ESY_qKuHV8tXduzqtd-48pNGi0A http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Dataset: Sulfur K-edge Micro- and Full-field XANES Identifies Marker for Preparation Method of Ultramarine... https://w3id.org/np/RAGc2SwaCL37MTvCe5ESY_qKuHV8tXduzqtd-48pNGi0A https://w3id.org/np/o/ntemplate/wasCreatedFromProvenanceTemplate http://purl.org/np/RANwQa4ICWS5SOjw7gp99nBpXBasapwtZF1fIM3H2gYTM https://w3id.org/np/RAGc2SwaCL37MTvCe5ESY_qKuHV8tXduzqtd-48pNGi0A https://w3id.org/np/o/ntemplate/wasCreatedFromPubinfoTemplate http://purl.org/np/RAA2MfqdBCzmz9yVWjKLXNbyfBNcwsMmOqcNUxkk1maIM https://w3id.org/np/RAGc2SwaCL37MTvCe5ESY_qKuHV8tXduzqtd-48pNGi0A https://w3id.org/np/o/ntemplate/wasCreatedFromPubinfoTemplate http://purl.org/np/RAh1gm83JiG5M6kDxXhaYT1l49nCzyrckMvTzcPn-iv90 https://w3id.org/np/RAGc2SwaCL37MTvCe5ESY_qKuHV8tXduzqtd-48pNGi0A https://w3id.org/np/o/ntemplate/wasCreatedFromTemplate http://purl.org/np/RAdvwtp0LfbKYtdCSVhZ2f52fdXqToOXv55TJY5NZcl8I