sub:assertion {
  sub:paragraph c4o:hasContent "SPARQL Inferencing Notation (SPIN) 22 is a W3C submission aiming at representing rules and constraints on Semantic Web models using SPARQL. The approach described in [13] advocates the use of SPARQL and SPIN for RDF data quality assessment. In a similar way, Fürber et al. [12] define a set of generic SPARQL queries to identify missing or illegal literal values and datatypes and functional dependency violations. Another related approach is the Pellet Integrity Constraint Validator ICV 23 . Pellet ICV translates OWL integrity constraints into SPARQL queries. A more lightweight RDF constraint syntax, decoupled from SPARQL, is offered from Shape Expressions (ShEx) [31] and IBM Resource Shapes 24 ." ;
    a doco:Paragraph .
}