. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "TextLocation" . "Results" . "a(SCHEM:\"lysophosphatidic acid\") -> p(HGNC:GSK3B,pmod(P,S,9))" . "Approximately 2000 hand curated statements drawn from 57 PubMeds." . "Copyright (c) 2011-2012, Selventa. All Rights Reserved." . "BEL Framework Small Corpus Document" . "Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License" . . "1.6" . "In Rat1, NIH 3T3, and HEK293 cells, increases in the intracellular levels of cAMP\nstimulate phosphorylation of GSK-3α and -β, as demonstrated by immunoblotting with\nGSK-3 phosphorylation-specific antibodies. As shown in Fig. 1, the cell-permeable\ncAMP analogue 8-Br-cAMP induced a marked increase in phosphorylation of GSK-3α\nand - β at serine 21 and 9, respectively, whereas the structurally related\ncGMP analogue 8-Br-cGMP had little effect. Forskolin, which activates adenyl cyclase\nthus raising intracellular cAMP levels (15), triggered a similar elevation\nin GSK-3 phosphorylation at serine 21 and 9. In Rat1 cells, isoproterenol, which\nactivates the b-adrenergic receptor stimulating adenylate cyclase and increasing\nendogenous cAMP levels (16, 17), also efficiently stimulated GSK-3 phosphorylation\nat these serine sites. In NIH 3T3 cells that contain few of the β-adrenergic\nreceptors, stimulation with other G-protein-coupled receptor agonists, such as\nlysophosphatidic acid. also led to GSK-3 phosphorylation (data not shown)" . . "support@belframework.org" . "Selventa" . . . . "2014-07-03T14:29:34.660+02:00"^^ . . .